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A surōpukā is a small automated , or a fusion between monorail, , inclined elevator and . It is a brand name of . Since this mode of transportation is relatively unknown, it lacks widely accepted generic name, other than the simple "monorail". The system is different from normal modern monorails in many ways. It is a development from industrial monorails used in 1960s . Slope cars are installed in more than 80 places in and . Delivery results search at Kaho Manufacturing's official website yields more than 80 cases (slope cars only).

Overview
The system is introduced generally when there are steep slopes or stairs between entrance gates and buildings. Slope cars generally function as amenities that provide for elderly or people visiting particular places, such as , , or . As most lines move fairly slowly, people without disabilities often find it faster to walk the same routes on foot, rather than to use slope cars. However, there are also places where slope cars climb very steep slopes which people without disabilities can not climb unless there are . In Japan, slope cars are not legally considered as .

System
There is a type that is long, having a 4 to 8 passengers capacity, and another type that is long, having around 30 passengers capacity. Some slope cars are "trainsets" consisting of two cars. Most slope cars are straddle-beam monorails, but there are suspended monorail slope cars as well. Normal monorails generally use running on a beam, while slope cars use a with a rack rail on one side. As such, slope cars can climb 100 (45°) slopes at maximum speed. The system is powered by a "" on the other side of the beam.

The system does not require a driver. A car starts when a user pushes a button, and it automatically stops at the selected destination.

History
In 1966, Yoneyama Industory, an agricultural machinery maker in Matsuyama, , invented Monorakku, a freight-only rack monorail system. It soon became widespread in citrus orchards in the prefecture, and in other parts of Japan. Other makers also started to build similar systems. Later in 1990, a company called Chigusa developed a passenger rack monorail system. These rack monorails were first used to transport workers in construction sites or forests. However, from 1990s, public facilities such as parks also started to use the system. started to sell their "slope cars" in 1990.

Similar systems were designed for vineyards in Switzerland and Germany in the 1960s. These were also transporting workers from the start. The brand name Monorack is used here for the Garaventa since 1976. The main difference is the type of rail being used - the Japanese systems use and the European systems use square tubing. The cooperation between Nikkari in Japan and Habegger in Switzerland started in 1975, so the Monorack tractors are mostly identical.Note: Nikkari adopted the name in 1973 while Habegger was sold to Van Roll in 1981. Graventa bought the rope business from Van Roll in 1996 including the Monorack systems.

Other names
As "slope car" is the brand name of Kaho Manufacturing, similar, if not the same, concepts are called differently by different manufacturers.

  • Ansaku makes Toransu Mōbiru.
  • Chigusa makes Rakkusukā.
  • Monorail Industry makes Monoraidā.
  • Senyō Kōgyō makes Maunten Rainā.
  • EMTC of Korea makes the Mountain Type (which has two rails) and the monorail Inclined Type and Locomotive Type
  • Doppelmayr Garaventa makes the Monorack for agricultural use. They say they have installed 650 systems worldwide.

Slope cars are similar in some ways to personal rapid transit systems in that they offer on-demand service for individuals or small numbers of passengers.

List of slope cars
Japan
Dam 2.11.345°62002Soeda, Fukuoka
Golf course 2.11.321°42004Fukuoka, Fukuoka
4.83.011° 2003Shibukawa,
4.83.015° 2003Ashikita, Kumamoto
Park 3.32.025°40 ,
Zorbing 5.13.211°40′ 2005Ashikita, Kumamoto
Diagonal elevator 1.81.124°41999Ōita, Ōita
Accessibility 1.81.12962005Kyōto,
Accessibility 2.41.515°42004Sendai, Miyagi
Park 4.83.019°30′301995Nichinan, Miyazaki
Park 4.83.018°401996Shibata, Miyagi
Diagonal elevator 1.71.032°30′82001Kagoshima, Kagoshima
Dam 2.71.735°32′81994Tsuruoka, Yamagata
Accessibility 2.11.333°21998Fukuoka, Fukuoka
Diagonal elevator 4.83.013°82002Seki,
Golf course 2.41.517°62005Nishigō, Fukushima
Park 3.01.925°162020, Shizuoka
Park 3.01.915°82004Chikuzen, Fukuoka
Ski resort 5.43.428°101996Kazuno,
Dam 1.50.945°22003Ōdate,
Accessibility 3.92.422°62000Sasebo, Nagasaki
Park 1.81.129°50′62005Hakone, Kanagawa
Ski resort 5.43.427°81999Iiyama, Nagano
Accessibility 0.90.629°31997Iizuka, Fukuoka
3.92.418° 2004Miyoshi, Tokushima
Park 4.02.533°30′241993Yuzawa,
Diagonal elevator 3.01.942° 2004Miyoshi, Tokushima
Accessibility 2.11.329°42002Taku,
Park 4.83.013°101997Satsuma, Kagoshima
Dam 1.50.945°21999Isahaya, Nagasaki
Park 3.62.235°402006Shisō, Hyōgo
Park 3.01.915°102005Kirishima, Kagoshima
Golf course 3.62.224°41992Mashiki, Kumamoto
Dam 1.50.936°22003Minamiechizen,
Park 3.62.225°30′202000Hokuto, Yamanashi
Dam 2.11.328°62003Nakagawa, Fukuoka
Accessibility 2.11.324°30′62004Yokohama, Kanagawa
Golf course 3.01.933°41994Ena,
Accessibility 1.50.928°21992Hisayama, Fukuoka
Accessibility 0.90.629°22002Nagasaki, Nagasaki
Accessibility 0.60.445°21999Fukuoka, Fukuoka
Park 4.83.018°802005Soeda, Fukuoka
Diagonal elevator 9.66.05°40′202002Naruto, Tokushima
(Inasa-yama), Nagasaki Inasa Mountain Slope Car English websitePark, Lookout, Observation Deck 4.83.021°402020, Nagasaki Prefecture
Park 3.01.910°201996Nagasaki, Nagasaki
Dam 1.81.135°22006Soo, Kagoshima
Dam 2.11.345°41993Ōmachi, Nagano
Park 6.03.711°30′121990Ainan,
Park Fukuroi, Shizuoka
Park 4.22.625°241990Hagi, Yamaguchi
Dam 4.83.021°401997Uonuma, Niigata
Dam 2.71.750°61997Kawakami,
Golf course 3.01.922°51997Nagasaki, Nagasaki
Ski resort 10.86.79°30′361998Rusutsu, Hokkaidō
Accessibility 0.90.635°21999Saga,
Accessibility 0.90.633°22003Nagasaki, Nagasaki
Ski resort 5.43.428°81997Shibetsu, Hokkaidō
Park 3.01.914°82006Sanda, Hyōgo
Park 6.03.717°201995Isahaya, Nagasaki
Park 6.03.714°161993Isahaya, Nagasaki
Dam 2.11.330°41996Ōmachi, Nagano
Accessibility 2.11.324°42000Shirahama, Wakayama
Accessibility 1.81.136°9′162001Mizumaki, Fukuoka
Park 4.83.016°152000Taku,
Park 3.62.217°161991Soeda, Fukuoka
Accessibility 1.50.928°21996Shizuoka, Shizuoka
Ski resort 2.41.530°121995Iizuka, Fukuoka
Accessibility 0.90.627°22000Anan, Tokushima
Park 3.62.29°30′402003Ōita, Ōita
Dam 2.11.345°41994Ōmachi, Nagano
Dam 1.50.942°82006Minamiyamashiro,
Park 4.22.623°161993Takeo,
Dam 1.50.945°21999Miyakonojō, Miyazaki
Accessibility 0.90.629°22002Nagasaki, Nagasaki
Park 2.11.332°30′61994Tsunagi, Kumamoto
Accessibility 2.41.522°22005Ueda, Nagano
Accessibility 2.71.745°21998Chichibu, Saitama
Diagonal elevator 3.01.99°15′41992Kitakyūshū, Fukuoka
Accessibility 0.90.631°21998Minoo,
Park 4.83.025°402000. Ceased operation October 31, 2020.Fukaura, Aomori
Park 2.41.536°62004Takayama,
Ski resort 5.43.430°81999Yoichi, Hokkaidō
Ski jump 5.43.435°102001Yamagata, Yamagata

South Korea
Accessibility 2.11.342°82016Choryang-dong, Dong District, Busan
Golf course 1997,
Accessibility 3.532.1916°122009, Gangwon-do
Park 0.90.626°50′ 2005,
Park 3.62.223°30′402005,
Park 2020
Park 6.64.120° 2003, Gangwon-do
Park 2006, Gangwon-do
Golf course 2002,
Golf course 2003
Golf course 2001,
Golf course 4.83.012°62005
Golf course 1993
Accessibility 3.62.220°82014Yeongju-dong, Jung District, Busan
Golf course 2001,
Golf course 2001,

See also

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